Wednesday, June 11, 2008

Quick Note

Just to let you know the date that is displayed on the entry is accurate however the time is somehow stuffed up.

Final Entry

Will the physical book continue to exist into the future?
Yes, to a certain extent. Most of the publication will turn into digital format for easy access and as well for learning online.
For example in this subject, we can't physically go from museum to museum to look at all the manuscripts that still exists however we can now access them from the comfort of the classroom or home. In future I would assume most organisations will want to publish their collections of knowledge in digital access for easy and wider access.

After completing all the topics in this subject, it makes me think of more possibilities and lots more ways to look at any subject matter(in art/graphic design/things that happen in daily life).
This subject has opened up new ways in looking at books- its forms and content, author and illustrator, material used, printing, binding and how the whole book was presented. It has made me appreciate children books and picture books in many new different ways.

Experiencing different techniques of the traditional ways of sewing and binding books. I would never dream of making my own book before this!
Stitching on tapes, is one of the traditional method that I found really interesting. It has so much possibility to explore in terms of the design of the book.

At the end of every topic there are lots of questions that require further thoughts/investigation which makes the subject extend past uni session and into personal research and satisfaction.

Here's are some areas I would be attempted to look and research further: artist's book and children's book.
Final conclusion would be: not an easy subject, but I am glad I took it!

Topic 4: The Fine Printing Tradition

Fine printing
- Movable type were used
- Picture with woodblock/picture by engraving
- Pages were laid out

This book was examined in class:
Title: Orbis Pictus
Author: John Amos Comenius

Observed the following:
- picture were printed/using engraving
- page layout is different on every page
- the mix of typeface on one page
- picture were printed seperately
- spelling replaced by "s -> f"
- the illustration (perspective view not quite right)
- page number (catchword - used for the same section)
- found tipping in on page
- found mistake on the catchword as well as section code

William Morris and Kelmscott Press

The book "Kelmscott Chaucer" was produced by William Morris and is about the collection of the pilgrimage of the Canterbury Tales. He was concerned about the design of the book from the cover, content and finish, which includes design typeface, decorative elements and page layout.

Printing - Movable Type

What is movable type?
Movable type is metal moulds, by the use of dies, into which the maker could pour hot liquid metal, in order to produce separate letters as the same shape as those written by hand. These letters were similar, more readable, and more durable than wooden blocks. Such letters could be arranged and rearranged many times as the printer wished to create different pages from the same letters.


Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was responsible for the creation of movable type. His most reknown work was the Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible), has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality.
Here is a digital copy of Gutenberg's bible.

...more on printing

Move onto different types of printing

- relief printing (matrix is cut away to leave the image-making part on the original surface)
i)line cut
ii)wood cut
iii)wood engraving
- Intaglio (a damp piece of paper is placed on top and the plate and paper are run through a printing press that, through pressure, transfers the ink from the recesses of the plate to the paper)
i)metal engraving
ii)etching
- Planographic (image rests on the surface of the matrix, which can therefore often be re-used)
i)lithography
ii)offset

Tuesday, June 10, 2008

Topic 3: The introduction of printing

Printing is now know to have been first developed in the seventh century in Korea and China, where printing from wooden blocks was developed. The Diamond Sutra, dated 868 is one of the most famous of these early printed works, and combines words and pictures. By the 14th century the technique of printing from metal type had been developed in Korea.

Printing is the technique of making an impression on paper (or on other substances such as vellum) from inked type (or as the techniques developed, from plates, blocks, or cylinders). From this type, the most important aspect of printing is that it permits a large number of copies to be made from each setting of type.
During the period from the invention of printing in Europe until 1700, most books were printed on wooden printing presses, using metal type.

Printing in Europe
The techniques of printing were developed in Europe by craftsmen ignorant of these advances in the Far East. As in China, the earliest printing took the form of illustrated sheets printed from carved wooden blocks (known as woodblock printing). These illustrations were largely religious in nature, simple in design, and meant to be coloured by hand, and were made by largely anonymous craftsmen, and very few examples have survived.

The development of printing took a dramatic step forward thanks to the technological advances made by Johan Gutenberg, a Goldsmith working in Mainz, Germany, in the middle of the 15th century.

His revolutionary idea was to use metal to cast each letter individually as a piece of ‘type’, so that a number of individual pieces (or letters) would be fitted together to make up a word, sentence, paragraph, and eventually an entire text or book. Once the printing had been finished, the type could be broken up from its settings, and re-used to print another book. This invention of ‘moveable’ (and re-useable) type enabled printing to become a viable economic alternative to making books by hand (known as manuscripts).

Gutenberg’s invention produced what is regarded as a landmark in the history of printing, and of western civilisation: an edition of the Bible in Latin, known as the Gutenberg Bible (or sometimes as the 42-line Bible, as each page is made up of 42 lines of type). It was made at his workshop in Mainz between 1453 and 1455, and was certainly complete by 1456. It consists of over 1,300 large pages, in two volumes, and although we do not know exactly how many copies were originally produced, we do know that 180 were offered for sale, and that forty-eight copies survive today, about twenty of them complete. The book was printed with two-colours, black and red, and was produced to an exceptionally high standard, even more so considering the experimental processes which must have been required to achieve any kind of result.

Source:http://www.britaininprint.net/introtoprint/intro.htm

The best known block book:


Block books
-books were printed in Europe from engrave wooden blocks, one block for 2 pages.
- they were made using the relief matrix (the area to show white will be cut away)
- cut along the grain of the wood
- there were three methods of printing
i)stamping - These were printed by putting the paper/fabric on a table or other flat surface with the block on top, & pressing or hammering the back of the block
ii)rubbing - The block goes face up on a table, with the paper or fabric on top. The back is rubbed with a hard pad, a flat piece of wood, a burnisher, or a leather frotton
iii)printing in a press

I read on further and found out that there are limitations on blockbook printing.
- can only be printed on one side of the page
- two pages per sheet
- time consuming
- curved letters on block are very fragile
- limited life span due to the ink on the block

Coptic binding

Learned about coptic binding in class.
Experience non-adhesive binding for the first time.
Pretty confusing at first, isn't too bad once you get the hang of it.
It took me about an hour to undo a few sections, and put them back correctly!
Just imagine how hard books were made in the past. The great craftsmanship and patience involved!

...illuminated manuscript

Further reading on this topic discover that the material(animal skin) affect the look and the cost of the book:
1) the size of the book determine by the size of the skin and the budget available.
2) expensive due to shortage of animal skin- the monks were vegetarian.
3) determine the shape of the book- landscape/portrait.
4) had to have a heavy cover to keep it flat.
5) bulky - the thickness of the skin.
6) some pages had scared.

As I read on further, looking into the decorative elements on the manuscript, they serve as:
1) as a full stop
2) as start of a paragraph
3) as quote/references
4) as filler to fill up the empty space in the page
5) as symbolic rather than direct relationship to the text.

The colour used depict the social status of the owner - the more gold and blue used, the richer and more powerful they are.
(the blue pigment - made out of ultra marine, a type of gemstone grind into powder form, very expensive at that point in time)

Updating Topic 2: Illuminated manuscripts

What is an illuminated manuscripts?
It is a decorated & illustrated handwritten books produced from late Roman Empire to advent of the printed books.
Manuscript books were made for many different purposes for both public and private use. Some writers divide the era of manuscript into:
1)The monastic Era
2)The Secular Era
Throughout the Manuscript Era, the church was the major users of the manuscript.
Here's are some of the definition of manuscript that I've discover in this topic:
1) most of them are religious related
2) original/one off
3) expensive-made out of animal skin and gold leave
4) hand written
5) used of decorative motif - some of them had purpose
6) no over control the final look of the book - depands on the budget and because they are many people involved in making them.
7) colourful

Above is an example of an illuminated manuscript from http://colophon.com/gallery/minsky/jpegs/chemise.jpg

Three Things for Final Assessment

1. Artist's Book
Make an artist's book on my personal experience on different types of chinese tea.
This artist book could probably fall in the category of - a book of 'auratic' because of its originality and probably can partly be in 'book of documents' because it is partly a journey of my experience! In the design I have included the sensation of smell. So the audience can actually experience the great smell of the tea too!

2. Printing technology
Make an accordion book to display changes in print technology influence the visual and design/content in the production of books.
One side show the limitation on layout on the traditional typsetting. On the other side display how advance in technology allow many of the possibility which traditional typsetting are not possible.

3. Hyperlink
Create a blog to store the learning journal as well as to demonstrate how hyperlink work by linking many other interesting site related to this subject as well as linking the "Art & Book" side to this blog for easy accessibility while doing the subject.

Sunday, June 8, 2008

Hyperlink

What is Hyperlink?
An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document. Typically, you click on the hyperlink to follow the link. Hyperlinks are the most essential ingredient of all hypertext systems, including the World Wide Web.
[Sourced from: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/h/hyperlink.htm]

We checked out a couple of examples in the art and books site in class, trying to identifying which one is actually a digital book.
At the same time questioning "Do they have the same structure as a book" - information display in sequence.
As a result some of the example on "digital book" are designed to appear and feel like a physical book, others actually allow the reader to select what they want to read first! And others appear more like a catalogue or brochure.
In those examples hyperlinks were used to create links within the document itself and outside a different document.

What is Hypertext?
Linking chunks of information with words, the information contain conceptual link. Readers have a choice of selecting what they want to read first.

Summing up on Artist's book

Artist's book can be classified into many categories:
1) A book of democratic multiple
2) A boo of auratic
3) An altered book
4) A book of structural investigation
5) Self reflective book
6) A book of textual form
7) A book of social change
8) Space of exhibition
9) A book of sequence
10) A book of document

There were so many examples that we examined in class, and trying to relate them to the categories mentioned. Some of them are quite clear and easy to classified, at the same time there are some we still have to question where the boundary of artist's book lays.

I went on further to research more about artist's book. Looking for more example, and learn more about different way of making a book and different types of binding.
Double scroll
Accordion fold book
Layered accordion book
Pocket book
Exposed stitch book with beads
Ox-plow pamphlet
Ox-plow quilt book.
Pocket triangle and diamond book.

Amazingly some of the book made out of folded origami to form the pages.

At the same time I looked into making pop up books too. This changes the form and content of a book and makes it appear to be much more interesting, appealing if the design is used appropriately.

From here I read on about different texture of paper use in creating different kind feel in a book.

It is really essential to pick the right type of binding, folding and texture paper in order to create the message you want to express in an artist's book.

Wednesday, May 28, 2008

research for final assigment

Found some useful website


http://www.yasutomo.com/project/foldedbook.html

Wednesday, May 21, 2008

Artist's book

In lecture today, we discussed about what is an artist's book.
It is definitely not determined by how it is made, what it is made from or whether it is mass produced.
After examining a couple of examples, I learnt the two characteristics are books that contain works of art by an artist.

Wednesday, May 14, 2008

From children book to ...

Looking through the library catalogue for further reading on children books (text and images/ form and content).
Planning on doing another book for the final assessment as one of the three things.
Found this title "Structure Of The Visual Book" by Keith A. Smith.
Started the introduction and impatiently flipping through the rest of the book to look at the images.
Coincidentally, it is about artist's book.
Instead of reading on, I decided to Google Keith A. Smith to research further.
Found this interesting site about his "String Book" which contains no images and no text.
Check this out

Monday, April 28, 2008

Tunnel books

Still reading about children's book today, found "tunnel book" really interesting.
It consists of a series of panels joined together by two or more accordion, some of them have a string attached with different images in the center.
Here's more example

Saturday, April 26, 2008

Bookmaking

23rd April 08
At end of lecture on Topic 5: Illustrated children's books
A different technique was introduced
Stitching on Tapes

Week 7 - Illustrated children books

The history of children's book started since the 17th century in London.
19th century onwards it became easily available and lots of them were being produce.

There are 2 main categories of illustrated children's book:
1) Storybook/illustrated book
2) Picture book

The difference between storybook and picture book are, a storybook can be understood by words alone - the illustration or picture in it only serve by adding dimension to the text but you don't need them to understand the story.
As for picture books, you require both words and picture. Pictures alone are not sufficient to tell the story.

There are 2 major aspects of production process that had great impact on the appearance and structure of illustrated children's book.
1) The relationship between author and writer
2) The printing process

The relationship between author and illustrator can vary in many ways.
a) Author and illustrator are two different people.
-they might be working closely on the whole process
-the publisher chooses the illustrator, and the author has no say
-the author is no longer alive, so the illustrator can express freely
-the material/text has long been in the public domain (example: number and nursery rhymes)

b)Author and illustrator are the same person.
- text and illustrator by the same person (example: Struwwel Peter, story and illustration by Dr Heinrich Hoffmanm)
- illustrator and re-write existing text in their own words

There are advantages and disadvantages in both ways. If the author and illustrator can write as well as illustrate, it will work to the advantage to convey exactly what the author wants to say. On the other hand if the author is not a good illustrator, the final product will not be as effective. And sometimes using another person as an illustrator can borden the way of how the book appear to the audience even the author is a good illustrator.

2)Production method
The printing processes have great influenced the design of illustrated children's book:
- illustrator are constrained by technology available to reproduce the image to the techniques they wanted
- issue of cost (for example early children book printed using lithography can only use one side of the paper)
- mostly black/white due to the production cost (colour often added by hand- child labour/women)
- limited to a number of colours
- layout of the book are restricted (text and images)

Sunday, March 23, 2008

From paper to digital.

I have been recording my journal for the past few weeks on little scraps of paper, back of receipts, and corners of brochures. So I have decided to transfer my entries from paper to digital.

Week 1:
In the first week we were asked 'What is a book?'.
My instant response was; a book is a compilation of text and/or image on paper bound together.
Books can also be made out of other materials like bamboo, leather, or even a piece of wood.

During the first week, these questions were posed to the class. Is a blank spiral bound notepad classified as a book? Is a scroll a book? Is a folded accordion a book? Is a glued notepad a book? Would we call a spoken CD a book?
This makes me think further on where the boundary lies for the word 'book'.

If anything the basic elements should be the form and the function. For example physical appearances and it should also communicate information to the audience through various forms.
In this digital age, I guess a CD could properly be accepted as a form of book depends on its content.

Header fixed!

Woo hoo!

Finally fixed the header.
It actually fits now!
I have been looking for header but I wanted something customized to describe the subject.
So I decided to create my own header in Illustrator and stick it in.
The header describes this subject from my perspective in abstract form. The elements in the header indicate the various subject matter we are learning and the wave indicates the journey of the whole subject, which could be interesting and confusing at the same time.

Hope it makes sense!=)

First post

Creating this blog for Art317, still in the process of fixing the header. Doesn't seems quite right yet!